No-eyed Fish and Frogs From Papua

No-eyed fish and frogs that carry the eggs on the back are two of the various types of new species discovered in a cave in Papua.

The team of researchers from the Institute of Research and Development (IRD) in Montpellier, France found it in a series of research expeditions in the caves, underground streams until Lengguru wilderness area, the southern region of Papua bird's neck.

"In terms of finding new things, there are many things to be settled in the area, the area is very difficult to access but has an amazing biodiversity," said one scientist from IRD, Laurent Pouyaud, reported by AFP on Friday (26/11 / 2010).

Scientists consisting of biologists, paleontologists and archaeologists trace the study area for seven weeks. The county said the land is a maze of chalk that allows the isolation of species that live experience for millions of years.

Fish that do not have eyes and colorless because they do not have pigmentation (production of the pigment that determines skin color) that is found in one cave is the most amazing discovery. "Fish, to our knowledge, is the first cave fish species found in Papua," said Pauyaud.

While biologists fascinated by the fish without eyes, the archaeologists also captivated by the findings of paintings on cave walls are made of shells fired appliance animals. These findings could be evidence of migration of Asians to Australia about 40,000 years ago.

This study is the first step of a planned project will study the biodiversity of the territory of Indonesia. The research is a collaboration with the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries college science.
Pouyaud said, biodiversity in Papua itself now threatened by the planned expansion of plantations and mines.

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Eggs Can Swim Are You Sure..?

Do not think that picture above is the fried eggs that can become a meal with fried rice. The picture above is a species of jellyfish that had just been born in captivity.

Photographer Torben Webber rush to take the camera and managed to take a picture when it learned of this unique creature is born. Naturally, these jellyfish live in waters of the Mediterranean. They require large amounts of sunlight to survive.

This animal ditangkarkan Basel Zoo in Switzerland, when in fact this species is very difficult to reproduce. One of his staff said, "breed is really a challenge for this species. They are found only in offshore areas are remote and relatively difficult to transport to get there.

"Be we have to create an artificial environment that mimics the natural environment. We provide lighting to illuminate the tank and ensure the availability of abundant food," said the staff is as reported by the Daily Mail on Wednesday (24/11/2010).

Form of the jellyfish-like fried eggs or cow eye is called the medusa. In that phase, the jellyfish can produce eggs that are fertilized in the water and develop into larvae that dwell, called polyps.

When mature, the size of jellyfish that can reach 35 cm. Unlike other jellyfish, the jellyfish moves of this type with the white part of her body with movements menggelombang.

Torben perpetuate the image of this jellyfish on November 4, 2010 and then with a Nikon camera D3S. He commented, "They are beautiful creatures and have an unusual shape."

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The Highest Peak Moon Beyond the Everest

Moon Highest Peak
Forum for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is NASA's orbiting the moon was successfully demonstrated the highest point in months. The point is the plateau near the crater Engel'gradt which has a diameter of 27 miles. 
 Known, the elevation is 35,360 feet (about 10,000 meters) or approximately 6400 feet (1938 meters) higher than Everest.

LRO has a tool capable of firing a laser beam that measures the height of the lunar surface. Data from this LRO compared with the moon's surface stereo images taken on August 12, 2010. The way it enables scientists to precisely measure the height and the coordinates of the highest point in this month.

Altitude are found in this observation is calculated relative to the average height of the lunar surface. The way it is because scientists do not have a reference to determine the altitude of the moon, not like measuring height on Earth which depends on the sea surface.

In contrast to the geological setting of Everest that took tens of millions of years, the highest place in this month is expected to form in just minutes. This place is formed as a result of asteroid strikes the moon's south pole about 4 billion years ago.

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Mysterious Squidworm From Sulawesi Island

-Mysterious Squidworm From Sulawesi Island-

Scientists recently discovereda mysterious creature in the depths of the waters between Sulawesi and the Philippines. The creature has a body that resembles a worm and squid that scientists call it squidworm squid or worms. Size of mysterious creature that approximately 9.4 centimeters.

Worms squid has ten tentacles long, burst from his head. In addition, he also has six so-called nuchal organ. These organs enable it to taste and smell something in the water.

Mysterious creature was found by three marine biologists led by Karen Osborn from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California. They found the new species after conducting exploration in the Celebes Sea at a depth of 2.8 kilometers using cruisers controlled remotely.

"I'm very excited. The animal was very tempting because it is very different from the characteristics of animals that have been described previously. These animals have the head is fantastic," said Osborn.

Worms squid found by the scientists are living at a depth of 100-200 meters above the sea floor. It is known depth range is a region rich in species that have not been identified.

"When I was exploring the area, I estimate there are more than half the number of animals we see an unidentified species," said Osborn.

Squid newly discovered worms were given the scientific name Teuthidodrilus samae. The species is said to be not a predator. They eat a mixture of micro marine plants and animals that drowned in the depths.

Celebes Sea where this species is found is a region isolated from the surrounding waters. In addition, the region including in conservation areas that have diverse forms of life and the unique geological history. Worms squid found in the region is not only a new species. The properties of squid worms are very different from other forms of life so that not only requires the name of the new species, but also a new genus, taxonomic level above species. The results of this study published in the journal Biology Letters recently.

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Bromo Heritage Ancient Mountain

BROMO

Based on historical records, ancient mountain was not just a monopoly of Lake Toba. One of the other ancient volcano has a caldera that we know as sand Tengger caldera.

Caldera is the center of the explosion that more than 2 kilometers in diameter, while the crater is the center of the eruption of a diameter less than 2 kilometers.

According to the Head subfields Volcano Observation Center Directorate of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Geology Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Agus Budianto, when contacted from Jakarta on Wednesday (11/24/2010), Mount Bromo in East Java is the mountain that appears due to the activity of Mount Bromo ancient in the past. Not yet clear how many tens of thousands of years ago these ancient volcano erupted.

"Kalderanya is the caldera of sand that we know today. In the vicinity of the caldera area of sand and then emerged a few mountains in addition to Mount Bromo, among them is Mount Batok and Mount Widodaren. Caldera model like this is very common in Indonesia. This comes from a huge mountain, megavulkano. In addition to Bromo caldera and the caldera of Lake Toba, also there is the caldera of Krakatoa which gave birth to Mount Anak Krakatau, which gave birth to the caldera of Mount Batur Batur existing child, and caldera Maninjau to Mount Maninjau, "said Agus.

Lake Toba Caldera, which erupted about 70,000 years ago, according to him is the result of volcano activity and tectonic activity.

Of note is the Chronicle Ngayogyakarta, Mount Bromo erupted on December 28, 1822 and only stopped in January 1823. In the 1822 eruption of Mount Merapi as well (Kompas Yogyakarta, 19/11), Mount Slamet (Central Java), Mount Kelud (East Java), and Thunder Mountain (West Java). In the same year five mountain erupted.

Erupted in the year together
 
While based on the Basic Data book published in 1979 Indonesian volcano, Mount Bromo recorded eruption in 1822 along with the Mount Merapi, Mount Galunggung, and Mount Lamongan. Book catalog reference Indonesian volcanoes with eruptions in historical time is compiled from various references that existed since the colonial era.

Based on data in the book, Mount Bromo has erupted 43 times-plus the eruption in 2004. However, the site mentions http://geodesy.gd.itb.ac.id has erupted 50 times since 1775. Notes of the Basic Data Volcano Indonesia, is the oldest eruption in 1804.

According to Neumann van Padang (Indonesia Volcano Data Base, 1979) in the sand caldera of Tengger Mountains there are seven centers of eruption in the two paths cross, one on the east-west direction and the other line northeast-southwest. Mount Bromo is in the axis northeast-southwest.

This mountain is the only one still active volcano of Mount Bromo Ancient heritage. The crater in the east-west lines reached 600 meters, while the crater in the north-south diameter of 800 meters. A railroad show, moving in the direction of eruption centers north. In March 1983 formed a lake in the crater.
In history, the eruption of Mount Bromo no lava flow. Abu vulkaniknya been recorded damaging plantations surrounding the eruption that occurred in 1915 and 1948. Longest eruption occurred in 1842, namely on 24 January to June.
From the same site written last eruption occurred on June 8, 2004 and actually ended on June 9, 2004. Major eruption occurred only about 20 minutes. The eruption is freatik, forming a column of ash up to 3,000 meters altitude above the lip of the crater. Material ejected ash and gravel up to a radius of 300 meters (compared with Merapi ash that can be spread through the clouds heat up more than 4 kilometers).
The data contained on the website of the Scientific Group http://geodesy.gd.itb.ac.id of Geodesy Faculty of Science and Technology Earth ITB about Bromo Volcano Deformation Monitoring with GPS, type-A volcano is the youngest volcano in the area of the caldera Tengger, namely Mount Widodaren, Chair, Segorowedi, and Shell.

Tengger Caldera itself in the site mentioned measuring 9 km x 10 km, surrounded by steep cliffs with a height of between 50 meters and 500 meters. Mountain range in the caldera of Mount Tengger volcanic rock surrounded by ancient-called by Agus as Mount Bromo Antique.

And now, the caldera of sand covered for any activity. In fact, at the Bromo "rest", caldera, particularly on weekends, will be packed with tourists in the country and abroad. They are willing to berdingin-dawn cold to enjoy the first that can be witnessed from the edge of the caldera. A beauty of the mute. (ARI)

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